40,000-year old worms revived from Siberian permafrost

The Siberian permafrost is famous for preserving the remains of life from the Pleistocene period, but it’s really outdone itself this time. Two worms frozen for around 40,000 years have now been thawed and revived, making them the oldest living creatures on the planet and the first multicellular organisms to have survived such long-term cryobiosis.

more…

Are they the oldest living things?

Or does that claim go to flora ?

Tau.Neutrino said:

Are they the oldest living things?

Or does that claim go to flora ?

I don’t know, I wonder what the oldest seed to germinate record is?

List of longest living organisms
Pando – tree

I remember a discussion we had on this quite some time ago.

The worms have been beaten by the Pando tree by more than 40,000 years

Pando is a clonal colony of quaking aspens that is at least 80,000 years old.

https://tokyo3.org/forums/holiday/topics/10031/

mollwollfumble said:

https://tokyo3.org/forums/holiday/topics/10031/

Missed that thread somehow.

Tau.Neutrino said:

mollwollfumble said:

https://tokyo3.org/forums/holiday/topics/10031/

Missed that thread somehow.

Too busy making new ones.

Tau.Neutrino said:

40,000-year old worms revived from Siberian permafrost

The Siberian permafrost is famous for preserving the remains of life from the Pleistocene period, but it’s really outdone itself this time. Two worms frozen for around 40,000 years have now been thawed and revived, making them the oldest living creatures on the planet and the first multicellular organisms to have survived such long-term cryobiosis.

more…

>>Came Back to Life After 40,000 Years Frozen in Siberian Permafrost<<

From: PermeateFree
ID: 1256919
Subject: Came Back to Life After 40,000 Years Frozen in Siberian Permafrost

>>Samples of permafrost sediment frozen for the past 40,000 years were recently thawed to reveal living nematodes.

Within weeks the roundworms began to move and eat, setting a record for the time an animal can survive cryogenic preservation.<<

>>Some of the worms – belonging to the genus Panagrolaimus – were found 30 metres (100 feet) underground in what had once been a ground squirrel burrow which caved in and froze over around 32,000 years ago.

Others from the genus Plectus were found in a bore sample at a depth of around 3.5 metres (about 11.5 feet). Carbon dating was used to determine that sample to be about 42,000 years old.<<

https://www.sciencealert.com/40-000-year-old-nematodes-revived-siberian-permafrost

PermeateFree said:

Tau.Neutrino said:

40,000-year old worms revived from Siberian permafrost

The Siberian permafrost is famous for preserving the remains of life from the Pleistocene period, but it’s really outdone itself this time. Two worms frozen for around 40,000 years have now been thawed and revived, making them the oldest living creatures on the planet and the first multicellular organisms to have survived such long-term cryobiosis.

more…

>>Came Back to Life After 40,000 Years Frozen in Siberian Permafrost<<

From: PermeateFree
ID: 1256919
Subject: Came Back to Life After 40,000 Years Frozen in Siberian Permafrost

>>Samples of permafrost sediment frozen for the past 40,000 years were recently thawed to reveal living nematodes.

Within weeks the roundworms began to move and eat, setting a record for the time an animal can survive cryogenic preservation.<<

>>Some of the worms – belonging to the genus Panagrolaimus – were found 30 metres (100 feet) underground in what had once been a ground squirrel burrow which caved in and froze over around 32,000 years ago.

Others from the genus Plectus were found in a bore sample at a depth of around 3.5 metres (about 11.5 feet). Carbon dating was used to determine that sample to be about 42,000 years old.<<

https://www.sciencealert.com/40-000-year-old-nematodes-revived-siberian-permafrost

Makes you wonder what other creatures could be frozen and bought back to life.

Wonder if there is a list ?

These 6 Animals Can Freeze—And Then Come Back To Life!

1. Wood Frog

2. Arctic Wooly Bear Caterpillar

3. Alligators

4. Painted Turtle Hatchlings

5. Iguanas

6. Darkling Beetle

another one

7 water bear

8 Red flat bark beetles

9 Upis beetles

10 Arctic ground squirrels

from
https://www.businessinsider.com/animals-able-survive-extreme-cold-2016-4/?r=AU&IR=T/#3-arctic-ground-squirrels-5

List of Frozen creatures that can come back to life

1. Wood Frog

2. Arctic Wooly Bear Caterpillar

3. Alligators

4. Painted Turtle Hatchlings

5. Iguanas

6. Darkling Beetle

7 water bear

8 Red flat bark beetles

9 Upis beetles

10 Arctic ground squirrels

https://www.simplemost.com/animals-freeze-come-back-to-life/
http://www.discovery.com/dscovrd/wildlife/frozen-animal-brought-back-to-life-after-30-years/
https://www.businessinsider.com/animals-able-survive-extreme-cold-2016-4//?r=AU&IR=T#3-arctic-ground-squirrels-5

List of Frozen creatures that can come back to life

1. Wood Frog

2. Arctic Wooly Bear Caterpillar

3. Alligators

4. Painted Turtle Hatchlings

5. Iguanas

6. Darkling Beetle

7 water bear

8 Red flat bark beetles

9 Upis beetles

10 Arctic ground squirrels

11 Worms

12 Frozen fish ‘comes back to life’ after being defrosted

https://www.simplemost.com/animals-freeze-come-back-to-life/
http://www.discovery.com/dscovrd/wildlife/frozen-animal-brought-back-to-life-after-30-years/
https://www.businessinsider.com/animals-able-survive-extreme-cold-2016-4//?r=AU&IR=T#3-arctic-ground-squirrels-5
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/12117658/Frozen-fish-comes-back-to-life-after-being-defrosted.html

13 Humans? If they have more than LD50 of alcohol in their body? If young enough? One of the lowest documented body temperatures from which someone with accidental hypothermia has survived is 13.0 °C in a near-drowning of a 7-year-old girl in Sweden. But in older cases even lower core temperatures probably occurred.

Hibernating bears only have a core temperature drop to 33.6 °C.

14. Dormouse survives body temperatures of 0 to 1 °C if not colder.

15. Bats – isn’t there a species of bat that survives being frozen to -20 °C?

Bacteria, archaea, insects, protists, fungi, plants and birds must have contenders as well.

That exist in the regions between the southern and northern poles and on high altitude mountains etc

These as well

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobe

Does Wikipedia have a category for Frozen Life ?

No.

Category for Frozen Life ?\?

Nup

Frozen Life bought back to life?

No

Wikipedia entry edit anyone ?

List of Frozen creatures that can come back to life

1. Wood Frog

2. Arctic Wooly Bear Caterpillar

3. Alligators

4. Painted Turtle Hatchlings

5. Iguanas

6. Darkling Beetle

7 water bear

8 Red flat bark beetles

9 Upis beetles

10 Arctic ground squirrels

11 Worms

12 Frozen fish ‘comes back to life’ Yellow Perch

13 Humans? If they have more than LD50 of alcohol in their body? If young enough? One of the lowest documented body temperatures from which someone with accidental hypothermia has survived is 13.0 °C in a near-drowning of a 7-year-old girl in Sweden. But in older cases even lower core temperatures probably occurred.

Hibernating bears only have a core temperature drop to 33.6 °C.

14. Dormouse survives body temperatures of 0 to 1 °C if not colder.

15. Bats – isn’t there a species of bat that survives being frozen to -20 °C?

16 Ice age bacteria brought back to life Carnobacterium pleistocenium 32,000 years
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7064-ice-age-bacteria-brought-back-to-life/

17 Moss brought back to life after 1,500 years frozen in ice
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140317125036.htm

18 Frozen Fossils Have Been Brought Back to Life Bacteria 100,000 years old.
https://news.softpedia.com/news/Frozen-Fossils-Have-Been-Brought-Back-to-Life-62040.shtml

Tau.Neutrino said:

Does Wikipedia have a category for Frozen Life ?

No.

Category for Frozen Life ?\?

Nup

Frozen Life bought back to life?

No

Wikipedia entry edit anyone ?

https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/us-scientists-prove-cryogenically-frozen-life-can-be-revived/news-story/ee233339178fbe7f95343db5c0002414

PermeateFree said:

Tau.Neutrino said:

https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/us-scientists-prove-cryogenically-frozen-life-can-be-revived/news-story/ee233339178fbe7f95343db5c0002414

Interesting, A lot of other species use a natural form of antifreeze, some use other tricks.

The core of the issue are ice crystals.

Frozen water expands. As a result, ice will burst a cell from the inside out.

Antifreeze filled zebrafish embryos — chosen because they are largely translucent and easy to study — have been snap-frozen to -196C in liquid nitrogen now for decades.

But the solution appears to be another additive to the original antifreeze: gold nano-rods.

These tiny fragments of metal conduct the laser’s heat.

Interesting solution.

Tau.Neutrino said:

Does Wikipedia have a category for Frozen Life ?

No.

Category for Frozen Life ?\?

Nup

Frozen Life bought back to life?

No

Wikipedia entry edit anyone ?

You can do this. T.N

> 13 Humans? If they have more than LD50 of alcohol in their body? If young enough? One of the lowest documented body temperatures from which someone with accidental hypothermia has survived is 13.0 °C in a near-drowning of a 7-year-old girl in Sweden. But in older cases even lower core temperatures probably occurred.

The scientific method is hypothesis – test. So a definitive test would be to take a sufficient number of newborn human babies, feed them increasing amounts of alcohol over the first two weeks of life, sufficient to induce alcoholic coma. Then freeze them as fast as possible while in a coma, such as by immersing them in ice-water. Holding that temperature for a time sufficient to drop the core temperature to zero (they will have already swallowed a thermometer). Then thaw them as fast as possible, using a microwave and near-scaldingly-hot water. Then see if they come back to life and check for permanent injury.

I don’t think an ethics committee would approve that. In fact, I’m darn sure they wouldn’t.

So, what’s the animal most similar to a human being that it could be tested on? https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh24-2/77-84.pdf “Animal models of many aspects of human alcoholism have been developed. In these models, which primarily use rodents such as mice and rats”.

Mouse babies are sold as food for pet snakes. Rhesus monkeys are used in primate research, such as effects of the Zika virus and other diseases. Off topic, but this is interesting “Caloric restriction improves health and survival of rhesus monkeys: Nature Communications 8, 14063. Open access.”

Let’s start with rats. Baby rats are too small to swallow a thermometer, and at birth they are much less developed than human babies. On the other hand, they grow up faster so a full two weeks of alcohol intake may be impossible.

The next question is, “what is a sufficient number?” The experiment can be stopped at the first completely successful recovery. If no successful revival then 20 individuals would suffice.

Success with rats would not necessarily translate to success with humans. Rats are smaller so can freeze and thaw more quickly. Faster rates of freeze-thaw mean smaller ice crystals which in turn implies lower cellular damage.

Tau.Neutrino said:

40,000-year old worms revived from Siberian permafrost

The Siberian permafrost is famous for preserving the remains of life from the Pleistocene period, but it’s really outdone itself this time. Two worms frozen for around 40,000 years have now been thawed and revived, making them the oldest living creatures on the planet and the first multicellular organisms to have survived such long-term cryobiosis.

more…

I’ve just found out that it’s already well known that roundworms can be frozen and revived. This article comes from 2015.

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/542601/the-science-surrounding-cryonics/

Direct evidence that memories can survive cryopreservation comes from the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. For decades, C. elegans have commonly been cryopreserved at liquid nitrogen temperatures and later revived. This year, using an assay for memories of long-term odorant imprinting associations, one of us published findings that C. elegans retain learned behaviors acquired before cryopreservation. Similarly, it has been shown that long-term potentiation of neurons, a mechanism of memory, remains intact in rabbit brain tissue following cryopreservation.

Reversibly cryopreserving large human organs, such as hearts or kidneys, is more difficult than preserving cells but is an active area of research with important public health benefits, since it would greatly increase the supply of organs for transplant. Researchers have made progress in this area, successfully cryopreserving and later transplanting sheep ovaries and rat limbs, and routinely recovering rabbit kidneys after cooling to -45 °C. Efforts to improve these technologies provide indirect support for the idea that the brain, like any other organ, may be adequately cryopreserved by current methods or methods under development.

Some surgical procedures also rely on intentionally arresting brain activity with the help of hypothermia. One of the authors’ institutions is carrying out a Defense Department-funded clinical trial to induce profound hypothermia (body temperatures of less than 10 °C) in critically injured trauma victims, effectively shutting the brain down and restarting it later to buy time to save the patient’s life.

Success with rats would not necessarily translate to success with humans. Rats are smaller so can freeze and thaw more quickly. Faster rates of freeze-thaw mean smaller ice crystals which in turn implies lower cellular damage.

How effective would exposing someone to the vacuum of space be for freezing someone compared to a more controlled method, could you combine both vacuum exposure and damage minimisation, its the exposure to a vacuum not the cold that does the most damage isn’t it ?

mollwollfumble said:

Tau.Neutrino said:

40,000-year old worms revived from Siberian permafrost

The Siberian permafrost is famous for preserving the remains of life from the Pleistocene period, but it’s really outdone itself this time. Two worms frozen for around 40,000 years have now been thawed and revived, making them the oldest living creatures on the planet and the first multicellular organisms to have survived such long-term cryobiosis.

more…

I’ve just found out that it’s already well known that roundworms can be frozen and revived. This article comes from 2015.

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/542601/the-science-surrounding-cryonics/

Direct evidence that memories can survive cryopreservation comes from the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. For decades, C. elegans have commonly been cryopreserved at liquid nitrogen temperatures and later revived. This year, using an assay for memories of long-term odorant imprinting associations, one of us published findings that C. elegans retain learned behaviors acquired before cryopreservation. Similarly, it has been shown that long-term potentiation of neurons, a mechanism of memory, remains intact in rabbit brain tissue following cryopreservation.

Reversibly cryopreserving large human organs, such as hearts or kidneys, is more difficult than preserving cells but is an active area of research with important public health benefits, since it would greatly increase the supply of organs for transplant. Researchers have made progress in this area, successfully cryopreserving and later transplanting sheep ovaries and rat limbs, and routinely recovering rabbit kidneys after cooling to -45 °C. Efforts to improve these technologies provide indirect support for the idea that the brain, like any other organ, may be adequately cryopreserved by current methods or methods under development.

Some surgical procedures also rely on intentionally arresting brain activity with the help of hypothermia. One of the authors’ institutions is carrying out a Defense Department-funded clinical trial to induce profound hypothermia (body temperatures of less than 10 °C) in critically injured trauma victims, effectively shutting the brain down and restarting it later to buy time to save the patient’s life.

Scifi seems to use two variations of cyrosleep, complete freezing and what is essentially being dead (but preserved in a way you can be revived) and slow downed metabolism so you don’t age or do so very slowly.

Cymek said:

Success with rats would not necessarily translate to success with humans. Rats are smaller so can freeze and thaw more quickly. Faster rates of freeze-thaw mean smaller ice crystals which in turn implies lower cellular damage.

How effective would exposing someone to the vacuum of space be for freezing someone compared to a more controlled method, could you combine both vacuum exposure and damage minimisation, its the exposure to a vacuum not the cold that does the most damage isn’t it ?

Exposing to vacuum is really slow. No heat loss by conduction or convection. That loss by gas expansion is partly offset by heat gain from latent heat of evaporation.

Heat loss by immersion in ice cold water is much faster, but on the other hand can be painful. I’d add in breathing in ice cold air.

Yes, it’s exposure to the vacuum that does the most damage.

But you probably know as much about this as I do, now.