Astronomers See Evidence of Supermassive Black Holes Forming Directly in the Early Universe

Super-Massive Black Holes (SMBH) are hard to explain. These gargantuan singularities are thought to be at the center of every large galaxy (our Milky Way has one) but their presence there sometimes defies easy explanation. As far as we know, black holes form when giant stars collapse. But that explanation doesn’t fit all the evidence.

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Some questions.

Does all the gas create a star then that star collapses into a BH bypassing the supernova ?

or

Does all the gas collapse straight into a BH perhaps going quickly through a star phase or no star phase is involved?

If all the other stars in the universe effect the Eddington limit then can this gravitational force be measured ?

So there are three major gravitational forces.

1 An inner force,
2 An outer force.
3 Universal force.

Is that right.?

Tau.Neutrino said:

Some questions.

Does all the gas create a star then that star collapses into a BH bypassing the supernova ?

or

Does all the gas collapse straight into a BH perhaps going quickly through a star phase or no star phase is involved?

Yep. That’s the question. Last I heard, nobody knew the answer.

In addition to gas, in the early universe the dark matter also has to be considered. Because you can have a collapse to a black hole that requires no ordinary matter at all.

I just want to distinguish between these and “primordial black holes”. Primordial black holes would have formed even earlier, and are believed not to exist.