One hallmark of an intelligent animal is the development of multilevel societies, full of complex relationships. Humans, baboons, giraffes, elephants and even dolphins divide themselves into family units that are part of larger clans that may have ties or relationships to other groups. Keeping tabs on dozens—or even hundreds of social relationships—requires the firepower of big mammalian brains—or so scientists thought.
A new study published this week in the journal Current Biology about an East African bird species with a pretty small brain reveals that animals may not necessarily necessarily need to be smart to be social.
The guineafowl groups were remarkably stable, anchored by several breeding pairs. They also found that certain groups liked hanging out with one another, meeting up at certain times of the day and around certain features in the landscape. Some groups would also spend most of the day off on their own, then meet up with another pack of bird friends to roost at night. In other words, they exhibit the same type of multilevel society as big-brained mammals.
“To our knowledge, this is the first time a social structure like this has been described for birds,” says lead author Danai Papageorgiou, also of Max Planck Institute, in a statement. “It is remarkable to observe hundreds of birds coming out of a roost and splitting up perfectly into completely stable groups every single day. How do they do that? It’s obviously not just about being smart.”
In fact, Farine tells Preston that these particular birds aren’t particularly intelligent.
“They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals,” he says. “They also have quite small brains relative to other birds.”
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-birds-have-tiny-brains-and-huge-social-networks-1-180973467/