> yeah I see that, but my OP Q was re temperature of space in the earth’s orbit, i’d never considered it before, and guess it’d be insignificant to earth’s climate/temperature
Fair enough. There are actually four different definitions of “temperature of space in Earth’s orbit”. They are not all equally important.
1) One is the temperature of the solar wind at the Earth’s orbit. This is hot, like 140,000 degrees Kelvin. But space has such low gas density out there that the temperature of this gas has only one significant effect on Earth’s weather. It’s this solar wind that gives the Earth its auroras, so a heating of the upper atmosphere where the auroras come closest to the surface. Look at the graph below, the heating of the thermosphere at altitudes above 80 km is due to this gas from the solar wind.
2) Another is the temperature of the cosmological microwave background. At 2.725 Kelvin, this is cold, very cold. The effect of this low temperature is to accept outgoing infrared and microwave radiation form the Earth. It’s this outward radiation that allows undercooling with condensation during the night, making the surfaces of, for example galvanised iron cooler than the adjacent air. If it wasn’t for natural convection in the night air (eg. on a still cloudless night) the surface temperature could drop up to 20 degrees below the air temperature . But because of atmospheric convection this is normally limited to about a 2 degree drop.
3) A third temperature of space is the temperature of incoming starlight, and because the Sun counts as a typical star (in this context, not in some other contexts), the temperature of this incoming radiation is about 5,780 degrees Kelvin. Hot, but nowhere near as hot as the solar wind. That’s what we receive during the day, it drives photosynthesis and almost everything else we know.
4) A fourth temperature of space at the Earth’s orbit is -77 degrees Celsius. Cold, but nowhere near as cold as the cosmological microwave background. This is the mean temperature that the Earth would have it it didn’t have an atmosphere to keep it warm. To put it in apocalyptic terms, if the Earth had no carbon dioxide and water in its atmosphere, this would be roughly the temperature it would be outside when you’re putting out the garbage.
