One of the most persistent scientific mysteries over the past century has been exactly how some organisms seemingly have the ability to sense the Earth’s magnetic field. Despite several hypotheses, and a large volume of research, there is still no conclusive answer to this mystery of a magnetic sense.
A new article, published in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, presents a novel hypothesis arguing this unexplained sense may be the result of a symbiotic relationship between animals, and a specific group of bacteria with the ability to orient itself along the Earth’s magnetic field lines.
Over the past few years a new hypothesis for magnetoreception has been raised, dubbed “the symbiotic magnetic-sensing hypothesis”. This idea posits magnetotactic bacteria as the underlying explanation behind some animals’ magnetic sense.
Magnetotactic bacteria are a particular group of bacteria known to align with magnetic fields using specialized intracellular organelles called magnetosomes. In the newly published article, Fitak and colleagues present the latest evidence to support the hypothesis that these magnetic-sensing bacteria play a role in how animals sense the surrounding geomagnetic field.
Fitak suggests the data reveals a number of types of magnetotactic bacteria can be detected in animal species suspected of having magnetoreceptive abilities. Atlantic right whales, loggerhead sea turtles and brown bats were all found to harbor distinct types of magnetic-field sensing bacteria.
Despite citing this new evidence, the study is very clear in stating this hypothesis is still deeply speculative. It is unknown exactly how the magnetotactic bacteria could be communicating with its host organism. Plus, it isn’t even known where in an animal the bacteria would need to reside to confer its magnetic-field sensing effects.
Fitak and his co-authors are confident recent advances in metagenomic techniques and DNA sequencing will pave the way for new investigations into these questions. So although it is very early days for the symbiotic magnetic-sensing hypothesis, the new article suggests it is a valid hypothesis worthy of more research.
https://newatlas.com/biology/bacteria-magnetic-field-sense-hypothesis-magnetotactic/