Space Could Be Littered With Eerie Transparent Stars Made Entirely of Bosons
Last year, the astronomical community achieved an absolute wonder. For the very first time, the world collectively laid eyes on an actual image of the shadow of a black hole. It was the culmination of years of work, a magnificent achievement in both human collaboration and technical ingenuity.
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Tau.Neutrino said:
Space Could Be Littered With Eerie Transparent Stars Made Entirely of BosonsLast year, the astronomical community achieved an absolute wonder. For the very first time, the world collectively laid eyes on an actual image of the shadow of a black hole. It was the culmination of years of work, a magnificent achievement in both human collaboration and technical ingenuity.
more…
Hmmm. How is this a star?
From article
“Similarly to black holes, boson stars are predicted by general relativity and are able to grow to millions of solar masses and reach a very high compactness.
where stars are primarily made up of particles called fermions – protons, neutrons, electrons, the stuff that forms more substantial parts of our Universe – boson stars would be made up entirely of… bosons.These particles – including photons, gluons and the famous Higgs boson – don’t follow the same physical rules as fermions.
I wonder if transparent boson stars could be used as a telescope?
>Bosons with the mass required to form such a structure, let alone one with the mass of a supermassive black hole, are yet to be spotted.
So they don’t even know if the particles that could form them exist, let alone the structures themselves.
They might be trying for a Nobel Prize in Hand Waving.
Bubblecar said:
>Bosons with the mass required to form such a structure, let alone one with the mass of a supermassive black hole, are yet to be spotted.So they don’t even know if the particles that could form them exist, let alone the structures themselves.
They might be trying for a Nobel Prize in Hand Waving.
They are predicted by General Relativity
Like black holes would be hard to see.
Tau.Neutrino said:
Bubblecar said:
>Bosons with the mass required to form such a structure, let alone one with the mass of a supermassive black hole, are yet to be spotted.So they don’t even know if the particles that could form them exist, let alone the structures themselves.
They might be trying for a Nobel Prize in Hand Waving.
They are predicted by General Relativity
Like black holes would be hard to see.
Unless things have changed a lot since I were a lad, General Relativity doesn’t predict massive bosons…
I should read the source papers before commenting further
dv said:
Tau.Neutrino said:
Bubblecar said:
>Bosons with the mass required to form such a structure, let alone one with the mass of a supermassive black hole, are yet to be spotted.So they don’t even know if the particles that could form them exist, let alone the structures themselves.
They might be trying for a Nobel Prize in Hand Waving.
They are predicted by General Relativity
Like black holes would be hard to see.
Unless things have changed a lot since I were a lad, General Relativity doesn’t predict massive bosons…
They are made up of trillions of Bosons
Not one giant big one.
Tau.Neutrino said:
dv said:
Tau.Neutrino said:They are predicted by General Relativity
Like black holes would be hard to see.
Unless things have changed a lot since I were a lad, General Relativity doesn’t predict massive bosons…
They are made up of trillions of Bosons
Not one giant big one.
rofl
Tau.Neutrino said:
dv said:
Tau.Neutrino said:They are predicted by General Relativity
Like black holes would be hard to see.
Unless things have changed a lot since I were a lad, General Relativity doesn’t predict massive bosons…
They are made up of trillions of Bosons
Not one giant big one.
massive as in having mass, not as in big.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_star
read some of that^, I tried to imagine the perhaps unimaginable and it hurt, and won’t pretend to have understood much of it, though stars of other stuff appeals to me
transition said:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_starread some of that^, I tried to imagine the perhaps unimaginable and it hurt, and won’t pretend to have understood much of it, though stars of other stuff appeals to me
You will note that none of the Exotic Star types from that wikipedia article are made of bosons.
> An exotic star is a hypothetical compact star composed of something other than electrons, protons, neutrons, or muons, and balanced against gravitational collapse by degeneracy pressure or other quantum properties. Exotic stars include quark stars (composed of quarks) and perhaps strange stars (composed of strange quark matter, a condensate of up, down and strange quarks), as well as speculative preon stars.
I really don’t think that any star can be made entirely of photons. Slight problem with the speed of light. So scratch that idea. Ditto Higgs and gluon particles. Ditto W and Z particles from the weak interaction.
So that leaves Mesons, those particles that are not force carriers but are composite particles composed of equal quantities of quarks and antiquarks.
Come to think of it, deuterium is a boson. Let’s make a star out of deuterium rather than hydrogen. It couldn’t be big, because deuterium burns off very rapidly as a star heats up. So not a valid candidate for a supermassive black hole.
There’s no way that I know of that a boson star could form – from any boson. This is quite different to black holes, whose formation mechanism has been known for about a hundred years.
The technical paper is “How to tell an accreting boson star from a black hole”.
https://sci-hub.st/https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/497/1/521/5866505
“The absence of an event horizon, in particular, the accumulation of matter in the form of a small torus or a spheroidal cloud in the interior of the boson star”.
“Black holes are not the only objects predicted by general relativity which satisfy the constraints given by the aforementioned properties of Sgr A*, i.e.
(1) being able to grow to millions of solar masses,
(2) being extremely compact, and
(3) lacking a hard surface.
“Some examples include: geons, oscillatons, Q-balls and compact configurations of self-interacting dark matter. Allowing for the presence of a surface, the list of plausible compact objects can be expanded to include ultra-compact objects with exotic surface properties, such as gravastars”
Let’s see what the heck some of these are proposed to be.
“A Q-ball is a type of non-topological soliton. A Q-ball arises in a theory of bosonic particles, when there is an attraction between the particles.”
In other words, a Q-ball postulates an attractive force outside the normal forces of electromagnetism, strong, weak and gravity. Not possible in the standard model.
“A gravastar has usual black hole metric outside of the horizon, but de Sitter metric inside. Gravastars contain a central region featuring a p = −ρ”
Since we can’t see inside, it would appear identical to a black hole. That relationship between density and pressure is known as “exotic matter”. It does not exist.
“The known final configuration of an oscillaton consists of a stationary stage in which the scalar field and the metric coefficients oscillate in time if the scalar potential is quadratic.”
Yeah, sure, a quadratic scalar potential.
“A geon is a nonsingular electromagnetic or gravitational wave which is held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy. They were first investigated theoretically in 1955 by J. A. Wheeler. Wheeler speculated that there might be a relationship between geons and elementary particles. This idea continues to attract some attention among physicists, but in the absence of a viable theory of quantum gravity, the accuracy of this speculative idea cannot be tested.”
For compact objects made of dark matter, have a look at https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.01183.pdf
“We study the structure of compact objects that contain non-self annihilating, self-interacting dark matteradmixed with ordinary matter made of neutron star and white dwarf materials.”
mollwollfumble said:
transition said:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_starread some of that^, I tried to imagine the perhaps unimaginable and it hurt, and won’t pretend to have understood much of it, though stars of other stuff appeals to me
You will note that none of the Exotic Star types from that wikipedia article are made of bosons.
Not even the Boson stars?
dv said:
mollwollfumble said:
transition said:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_starread some of that^, I tried to imagine the perhaps unimaginable and it hurt, and won’t pretend to have understood much of it, though stars of other stuff appeals to me
You will note that none of the Exotic Star types from that wikipedia article are made of bosons.
Not even the Boson stars?
yeah I did get down to reading this, or trying, from wiki
“A boson star is a hypothetical astronomical object that is formed out of particles called bosons (conventional stars are formed from mostly protons, which are fermions, but also consist of Helium-4 nuclei, which are bosons). For this type of star to exist, there must be a stable type of boson with self-repulsive interaction; one possible candidate particle is the still-hypothetical “axion” (which is also a candidate for the not-yet-detected “non-baryonic dark matter” particles, which appear to compose roughly 25% of the mass of the Universe). It is theorized that unlike normal stars (which emit radiation due to gravitational pressure and nuclear fusion), boson stars would be transparent and invisible. The immense gravity of a compact boson star would bend light around the object, creating an empty region resembling the shadow of a black hole’s event horizon. Like a black hole, a boson star would absorb ordinary matter from its surroundings, but the transparency means this matter (which likely would heat up and emit radiation) would be visible at its center. Simulations further suggest that rotating boson stars would be doughnut-shaped as centrifugal forces would give the bosonic matter that form.
As of 2018, there is no significant evidence that such stars exist. However, it may become possible to detect them by the gravitational radiation emitted by a pair of co-orbiting boson stars.
Boson stars may have formed through gravitational collapse during the primordial stages of the Big Bang. At least in theory, a supermassive boson star could exist at the core of a galaxy, which might explain many of the observed properties of active galactic cores.
Boson stars have also been proposed as candidate dark matter objects, and it has been hypothesized that the dark matter haloes surrounding most galaxies might be viewed as enormous “boson stars.”
The compact boson stars and boson shells are often studied involving fields like the massive (or massless) complex scalar fields, the U(1) gauge field and gravity with conical potential. The presence of a positive or negative cosmological constant in the theory facilitates a study of these objects in de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces.
Braaten, Mohapatra, and Zhang have theorized that a new type of dense axion star may exist in which gravity is balanced by the mean-field pressure of the axion Bose-Einstein condensate. The possibility that dense axion stars exist has been challenged by other work that does not support this claim”
dv said:
mollwollfumble said:
transition said:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_starread some of that^, I tried to imagine the perhaps unimaginable and it hurt, and won’t pretend to have understood much of it, though stars of other stuff appeals to me
You will note that none of the Exotic Star types from that wikipedia article are made of bosons.
Not even the Boson stars?
Oops. Didn’t get that far down.
mollwollfumble said:
dv said:
mollwollfumble said:You will note that none of the Exotic Star types from that wikipedia article are made of bosons.
Not even the Boson stars?
Oops. Didn’t get that far down.
LOLOLOLOLOLOL