https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-12-29/australias-ancient-volcanoes-form-geology-cradle-mountain/12987192
Now, after studying how tectonic plates moved over time and analysing the chemistry of rock samples from several volcanoes, Dr Mather and colleagues developed a new hypothesis.
“ can apply to volcanoes from the southern tip of Tasmania all the way up to northern Queensland,” Dr Mather said.
The answer lies in the nature of the seafloor that was pushed under the continent from the east, they reported in the journal Science Advances.
“During the past 120 million years, lots and lots of seafloor has been shoved underneath Australia and Zealandia,” Dr Mather explained.
“But what’s special is this seafloor is imbued with water and carbon.”
Usually, the plate that is pushed underneath sinks towards the centre of the Earth, but the material pushed under the Indo Australian plate has continued to hang around in the upper mantle for the past 60 million years.
“So occasionally that volatile cocktail gets released and that percolates to the surface in the form of volcanoes.”