Sonce ancient times there have been stories about people sleeping for long periods and waking in the future, or being transported to another realm where time travels fast so that when they return to the earthly realm they find themselves in the distant future.
The specific concept of a person designing a vehicle that can be driven to the past or future seems to have emerged in the late 19th century. The first such story might be Gaspar’s The Time Ship (El anacronópete).
https://g.co/kgs/q2fQkY
The Time Ship: A Chrononautical Journey
Novel by Enrique Gaspar
This was completed in 1881 but not published until 1887.
It is a somewhat episodic story with a series of brief adventures i the past. One interesting aspect is that the craft requires a fluid to stop the occupants from getting younger as they go back in time: some of the people aboard were unprotected by the fluid and de-aged out of existence. A distracting aspect is that the main character wants to marry his niece… but she wants to marry her cousin. Different times, I guess.
Edward Page Mitchell wrote a short story called A Clock That Went Backward in 1881. It’s a fairly simple story about a clock that sends some boys back a couple of hundred years. Mitchell’s work was largely overlooked in his lifetime before being rediscovered in the 1970s.
http://www.forgottenfutures.com/game/ff9/tachypmp.htm#clock
The Chronic Argonauts (1888) was HG Wells’s first story about a time machine: his later more famous work The Time Machine (1895) was more substantial and contained a more interesting plot.
Honourable mention to L’historiscope by Eugène Mouton (1883) which involved a viewing device for seeing into the past by reconstructing the wavefronts of light through space: it’s not really travel but it’s an interesting idea
