From Wiki:

“Iwo Jima (/ˌiːwoʊ ˈdʒiːmə/, also US: /ˌiːwə ˈ-/), known in Japan as Iō Tō (硫黄島, Iō-tō, lit. ‘sulfur island’), is one of the Japanese Volcano Islands and lies south of the Bonin Islands. Together with other islands, they form the Ogasawara Archipelago. The highest point of Iwo Jima is Mount Suribachi at 169 m (554 ft) high.

Although 1,200 km (750 mi; 650 nmi) south of the metropolis of Tokyo on the mainland, this island of 21 km2 (8 square miles) is administered as part of the Ogasawara Subprefecture of Tokyo. Since July 1944, when all the civilians were forcibly evacuated, the island has had a military-only population.

The island was the location of the Battle of Iwo Jima between February 1945 and March 1945. This engagement saw some of the fiercest fighting of the Pacific War, with each side suffering over 20,000 casualties in the battle. The island became globally recognized when Joe Rosenthal, of the Associated Press, published his photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, taken on Mount Suribachi. The US military occupied Iwo Jima until 1968, when it was returned to Japan. “

This island is one of the most important islands invaded during world war 2. It is the one where a very famous photo was taken of several soldiers raising the US flagpole.

It is currently undergoing some new offshore eruptions. I was surprised to learn that this island is also currently being uplifted by nearly half a meter per year. In 1776, Captain Cooks crew arrived onshore and their beaching location is now around 40 meters above sea level.

> This island is one of the most important islands invaded during world war 2.

Yes one of the most important because the invasion there drove a bird species to extinction. IIRC.

mollwollfumble said:

> This island is one of the most important islands invaded during world war 2.

Yes one of the most important because the invasion there drove a bird species to extinction. IIRC.

>>The Iwo Jima rail or white-browed crake (Poliolimnas cinereus brevipes) was a rail native to the island of Iwo Jima. The last reported sightings were in 1924, and the species is believed to be extinct. It was a subspecies of the white-browed crake.

>>When humans settled the island of Iwo Jima, they cleared away the existing forest to grow sugarcane. The forest clearance reduced the availability of fresh water, which forced the bird to come into the settlements to find water during the dry season. Here the birds often fell pray to cats. Combined with the introduction of rats to the island, this caused the extinction of the bird.

Wiki.

The last specimen of the bird was collected in 1911, and the last reported sightings were by T. T. Moniyama in 1924.

PermeateFree said:

mollwollfumble said:

> This island is one of the most important islands invaded during world war 2.

Yes one of the most important because the invasion there drove a bird species to extinction. IIRC.

>>The Iwo Jima rail or white-browed crake (Poliolimnas cinereus brevipes) was a rail native to the island of Iwo Jima. The last reported sightings were in 1924, and the species is believed to be extinct. It was a subspecies of the white-browed crake.

>>When humans settled the island of Iwo Jima, they cleared away the existing forest to grow sugarcane. The forest clearance reduced the availability of fresh water, which forced the bird to come into the settlements to find water during the dry season. Here the birds often fell pray to cats. Combined with the introduction of rats to the island, this caused the extinction of the bird.

Wiki.

The last specimen of the bird was collected in 1911, and the last reported sightings were by T. T. Moniyama in 1924.

My apologies. I got the Iwo Jima rail mixed up with the Wake Island rail. It was the Wake Island rail that was driven to extinction by World War II bot the Iwo Jima rail. The book I have on extinct species lists the Iwo Jima rail and the Wake Island rail right next to one another.

> It is currently undergoing some new offshore eruptions. I was surprised to learn that this island is also currently being uplifted by nearly half a meter per year. In 1776, Captain Cooks crew arrived onshore and their beaching location is now around 40 meters above sea level.

Cripes, 500 mm per year is exceedingly fast by tectonic standards.

Parts of Canada and Antarctica, away from volcanic action, are being uplifted at 18 mm per year due to isostatic rebound. 0.3 mm per year in the African rift valley is considered “rapid” tectonic uplift. Tectonic uplift according to Google tends to be in the range of 1 to 5 mm per year. The Himalayas are rising 10 mm per year. The Andes are rising at 10 mm per year. Australia’s Christmas Island is rising faster than Sea Level Rise, of the order of 1 mm per year.

Lava domes can grow much faster, that of Mt St Helens grew at over a metre an hour, but such growth rates are not sustainable.

“In a few cases, tectonic uplift can be seen in coral islands. Examples of such islands are found in the Pacific, notably the three phosphate islets of Nauru, Makatea, and Banaba, as well as Maré and Lifou in New Caledonia; Fatu Huku in the Marquesas Islands; and Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Islands.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/104061829290032W Coastal evolution at a rapidly uplifting volcanic island: Iwo-jima, western pacific ocean. “The oldest marine terrace at about 110 m above sea-level has an age of 500–800 BP, indicating an average uplift rate of 150–200 mm/year.”

Some more on Iwo Jima volcanology at https://earth-planets-space.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40623-018-0811-y

Earthquakes (top) and vertical displacement near survey points (bottom). At one location there has been a 4 metre rise in only 10 years, so yes, near half a metre a year.

mollwollfumble said:

PermeateFree said:

mollwollfumble said:

> This island is one of the most important islands invaded during world war 2.

Yes one of the most important because the invasion there drove a bird species to extinction. IIRC.

>>The Iwo Jima rail or white-browed crake (Poliolimnas cinereus brevipes) was a rail native to the island of Iwo Jima. The last reported sightings were in 1924, and the species is believed to be extinct. It was a subspecies of the white-browed crake.

>>When humans settled the island of Iwo Jima, they cleared away the existing forest to grow sugarcane. The forest clearance reduced the availability of fresh water, which forced the bird to come into the settlements to find water during the dry season. Here the birds often fell pray to cats. Combined with the introduction of rats to the island, this caused the extinction of the bird.

Wiki.

The last specimen of the bird was collected in 1911, and the last reported sightings were by T. T. Moniyama in 1924.

My apologies. I got the Iwo Jima rail mixed up with the Wake Island rail. It was the Wake Island rail that was driven to extinction by World War II bot the Iwo Jima rail. The book I have on extinct species lists the Iwo Jima rail and the Wake Island rail right next to one another.

>>The Wake Island rail is classified as extinct. Its inability to fly and the island’s geographic isolation, combined with the bird’s inquisitiveness and lack of fear of humans, made it an easy victim of over-hunting. It is now known that the extinction event occurred specifically between 1942 and 1945. This was a direct result of the presence of thousands of starving Japanese troops stranded on the island after a U.S. blockade of the island took place as a direct result of the Japanese invasion and occupation of Wake Island in December 1941, in addition combined with the inevitable habitat destruction resulting from military altercations and extensive aerial bombardment by the Japanese and U.S. during World War II. Wiki

Tragic.