The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Svante Pääbo for his work on palaeogenetics.
Pääbo basically invented the field, by developing techniques of sequencing degraded DNA. His methods have been used to sequence the nuclear, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA of ancient H. sapiens, neanderthals and denisovans.
This a fairly unusual decision by the committee.