A paper published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science on Monday reports that the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, which is normally present in the gut lining and which increases the thickness of the mucus layer of the gut, shows reduced concentration in obese and type-2 diabetic mice; additionally, feeding these mice with live A. muciniphila reversed the high-fat-diet induced conditions, including type-2 diabetes, fat-mass gain, and metabolic endotoxemia. Administration of heat-killed A. muciniphila had none of these effects, showing that the live bacteria are responsible for the effects.
Abstract: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/05/08/1219451110
The full text is available for free.