Epidemiol. Infect. (2013), 141, 1488–1497. © Cambridge University Press 2013
doi:10.1017/S095026881300068X
Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an Asian
elephant (Elephas maximus) to a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
and humans in an Australian zoo
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily a pathogen of humans. Infections have been reported
in animal species and it is emerging as a significant disease of elephants in the care of humans.
With the close association between humans and animals, transmission can occur. In November
2010, a clinically healthy Asian elephant in an Australian zoo was found to be shedding
M. tuberculosis; in September 2011, a sick chimpanzee at the same zoo was diagnosed with
tuberculosis caused by an indistinguishable strain of M. tuberculosis. Investigations included staff
and animal screening. Four staff had tuberculin skin test conversions associated with spending at
least 10 hours within the elephant enclosure; none had disease. Six chimpanzees had suspected
infection. A pathway of transmission between the animals could not be confirmed. Tuberculosis
in an elephant can be transmissible to people in close contact and to other animals more
remotely. The mechanism for transmission from elephants requires further investigation.
(Excuse the formatting; C&P from pdf.)