This Law of the Sea thing is pretty weird.
A landmass identified as a “rock” does not extend a country’s EEZ, but landmass considered an “island” does.
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“Rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.” Such rocks may still have a 12-mile territorial sea including a contiguous zone (24-mile limited jurisdictional zone), but no exclusive economic zone.
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Obviously there is a fair amount of grey area here in the boundary between a rock and an island, open to subjective interpretation.
Yet upon this distinction could hang the fate of hundreds of thousands of square kilometres of ocean: it decides whether the area is in one country’s EEZ, or another’s, or nobody’s. There could be hydrocarbons worth tens of billions of dollars at stake.