probably it is true the bulk of the skid mark rubber deposition is caused by abrasive ripping of tyre material(call it macro-scale), but of the case of bitumen at the microlevel there’d be aspects of the rubber that stick, and they’re two oil based materials, and given the pressures involved no great increase in temperature of any substantial area of the bitumen is required to have some of the bitumen melted, or aspects of the oil compound melted and combined with the rubber, forming a bond.
so i’d say most of the bulk of the rubber material is ripped and abraded from the tyre, and that probably a minor part adheres to the bitumen road surface, and that the bond might be said to be pressure-induced and involve melting to some extent. It doesn;t have to get ‘hot’ anyway, just as a skaters ice skate can be said to melt the ice, though the usefulness of that analogy probably stops there.
lot of bitumen roads the exposed surface has had the tar compound fairly much completely worn away anyway, so if there’s any melting of bitumen it probably more applies to new bitumen surfaces.
can rubber fuse with stone/gravel at the surface boundaries of the stone/gravel and is the pressure alone with only transient increase more at the microlevel enough to call it melting? At the molecular level of the materials i’d think it probably could be said to do that.
still it is the tyre that does most of the ripping, ‘ablates’ may even be an appropriate word, given the tyre is a sacrifcial wearing surface, that provides grip and cushioning too (suspension).
so really the idea of thee bitumen ‘melting’ would come down to semantics over whether the bonds (rubber to surface) by whatever forces at whatever level – how they adhere – properly, or mostly involved what’d satisfy whatever definition of “melt”. Which’d come down to an argument maybe involving a technical meaning of “melt”.