OK, the two best known examples are discussed above.
The loss of the the universe due to the metastability of the quantum vacuum. Humans haven’t been able to produce anything even nearly as extreme as naturally occurring gamma-ray-bursters.
The possibility of a chain reaction following a hydrogen bomb explosion. I’m personally more worried about hydrogen fusion in the Earth’s oceans than nitrogen/oxygen fusion in the Earth’s atmosphere, although the second one was the original scare.
Beyond those, weaponised organisms would have the greatest potential to wreak accidental havok. Next might be any experiment that blankets the Earth in a thick dust of fission products.
After that perhaps a geology experiment that results in the great rift valley in Africa overflowing with extremely fluid lava, the main danger there is releasing sulphur dioxide in sufficient quantities to kill off 99% of air-breathing life.
It’s far easier to deliberately destroy the Earth than to accidentally destroy it.