Date: 30/06/2016 19:07:23
From: mollwollfumble
ID: 915516
Subject: 99 million year old wing with feathers trapped in amber

Lots of news sources have this. Here is one from https://www.inverse.com/article/17690-dinosaur-bird-wing-99-million-years-discovered-science-nature-feather-amber

The world’s two most adorable fossils have been recovered in Myanmar.

Two partial wings were found encased in amber, left behind 99 million years ago after baby winged dinosaurs got stuck in tree resin. Unfortunately, the little guys never got a chance to grow up, flap their cute wings around, find a mate, and hatch eggs of their own. But their tiny bodies are now a remarkable contribution to shaping our modern understanding of their prehistoric world.

The wings are microscopic — less than half an inch long from end to end. They are incredibly well preserved, showcasing details of the feathers, skin, and even coloration. Never before has the construction of bird-like dinosaur wings been found in such detail.

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Date: 30/06/2016 19:55:36
From: mollwollfumble
ID: 915531
Subject: re: 99 million year old wing with feathers trapped in amber

Dinosaur wing colours.

Preserved feather colour in DIP-V-15100 appears dark brown
in the alula, and is slightly paler in the primaries and secondaries
due to reduced pigmentation in the rachises, rami and basal parts
of barbules. Dorsal contour feathers are generally dark in colour,
but those basal to the alula may have been pale or white, and this
pale patch includes some of the primary coverts.
Ventrally, the surface of the wing has a strong contrast between
white or pale contour feathers and down adjacent to the dark
brown contour feathers along the anterior margin of the wing.

Despite differences in the wing sizes, some
plumage colouration similarities exist at both the scale of the
entire wing and that of individual barbs. Specimen DIP-V-15101
shares a pale or white spot among the feathers just basal to its
well-developed alula, and much of the paler plumage
within the wing seems to be achieved through reduced
pigmentation in barb rami and the bases of barbules. Unlike the
smaller wing, better-defined bands of pale feathers extend across
the dorsal surface of DIP-V-15101, posteriorly and distally from
the apex of the alula, and along the trailing edge of the wing.

The lighter colour of these feathers may be in part due to paler
feather margins, particularly along the inner vane. Details of the
ventral wing surface are partially hidden by decay products and
inclusions in the amber, but the base of the alular digit is clearly
surrounded by white under marginal coverts, and this
plumage continues posteriorly, as a mixture of pale or white
plumulaceous feathers that protrude through a veil of milky
amber.

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Date: 30/06/2016 20:00:45
From: Postpocelipse
ID: 915540
Subject: re: 99 million year old wing with feathers trapped in amber

It is nice this little guy’s frightened struggle has contributed to science.

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Date: 1/07/2016 02:53:45
From: mollwollfumble
ID: 915805
Subject: re: 99 million year old wing with feathers trapped in amber

I once contributed to Wikipedia on the taxonomy of the feathered dinosaurs, the Coelurosauria, a group that includes both birds and T.Rex. But even I get lost among the most recent taxonomies as to how these little fellows relate to the modern birds.

Let’s see how I go.

We have Dinosauria – Saurischia – Theropoda – Coelurosauria
That much is clear.

Below that we have
Coelurosauria – Tyrannoraptora – Maniraptoriformes – Maniraptora

Tyrannoraptors that are not Maniraptoriformes include T.Rex, Ornitholestes and Compsognathus. Maniraptoriformes that are not Maniraptora include Ornithomimus.
So far so good.

Below that we have
Maniraptora – Pennaraptora – Paraves – Eumaniraptora – Avialae

Pennaraptora that are not Paraves include Oviraptor. Eumaniraptora that are not Avialae include Dromaeosaurs and Troodontids.

The Avialae include Archaeopteryx and modern birds. Um, something is wrong here, where do out 99 million year old friends fit in this scheme? No wonder I get lost. Let’s work from the other end.

Our 99 million year old friends are Enantiornithes, a group which includes Protopteryx but not modern birds. The modern birds (Aves) are descended from the Euornithes, which is a sister group of the Enantiornithes. “Enantiornitheans were more advanced than Archaeopteryx and Confuciusornis, but in several respects they were more primitive than modern birds.”

The descent of the birds is
Ornithothoraces – Euornithes – Ornithuromorpha – Ornithurae – Aves

Ornithurae that are not Aves include Hesperornis and Ichthyornis.

Keep trying
Avialae – Euavialae – Avebrevicauda – Pygostylia – Ornithothoraces

Pygostylia that are not Ornithothoraces include Confuciusornis. Avialae that are not Euavialae include Archaeopteryx
Got it at last!

So, based on my understanding of the descendents Archaeopteryx all being called “birds”, it is correct to call these 99 million year old fossils “birds” and incorrect to call them “feathered dinosaurs”.

To summarise, the taxonomic line of descent of birds from dinosaurs is:

Dinosauria – Saurischia – Theropoda – Coelurosauria – Tyrannoraptora – Maniraptoriformes – Maniraptora – Pennaraptora – Paraves – Eumaniraptora – Avialae – Euavialae – Avebrevicauda – Pygostylia – Ornithothoraces – Euornithes – Ornithuromorpha – Ornithurae – Aves

Excuse me for concluding from that that taxonomy has now gone totally and completely bonkers.

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Date: 1/07/2016 03:04:33
From: PermeateFree
ID: 915806
Subject: re: 99 million year old wing with feathers trapped in amber

mollwollfumble said:


I once contributed to Wikipedia on the taxonomy of the feathered dinosaurs, the Coelurosauria, a group that includes both birds and T.Rex. But even I get lost among the most recent taxonomies as to how these little fellows relate to the modern birds.

Let’s see how I go.

We have Dinosauria – Saurischia – Theropoda – Coelurosauria
That much is clear.

Below that we have
Coelurosauria – Tyrannoraptora – Maniraptoriformes – Maniraptora

Tyrannoraptors that are not Maniraptoriformes include T.Rex, Ornitholestes and Compsognathus. Maniraptoriformes that are not Maniraptora include Ornithomimus.
So far so good.

Below that we have
Maniraptora – Pennaraptora – Paraves – Eumaniraptora – Avialae

Pennaraptora that are not Paraves include Oviraptor. Eumaniraptora that are not Avialae include Dromaeosaurs and Troodontids.

The Avialae include Archaeopteryx and modern birds. Um, something is wrong here, where do out 99 million year old friends fit in this scheme? No wonder I get lost. Let’s work from the other end.

Our 99 million year old friends are Enantiornithes, a group which includes Protopteryx but not modern birds. The modern birds (Aves) are descended from the Euornithes, which is a sister group of the Enantiornithes. “Enantiornitheans were more advanced than Archaeopteryx and Confuciusornis, but in several respects they were more primitive than modern birds.”

The descent of the birds is
Ornithothoraces – Euornithes – Ornithuromorpha – Ornithurae – Aves

Ornithurae that are not Aves include Hesperornis and Ichthyornis.

Keep trying
Avialae – Euavialae – Avebrevicauda – Pygostylia – Ornithothoraces

Pygostylia that are not Ornithothoraces include Confuciusornis. Avialae that are not Euavialae include Archaeopteryx
Got it at last!

So, based on my understanding of the descendents Archaeopteryx all being called “birds”, it is correct to call these 99 million year old fossils “birds” and incorrect to call them “feathered dinosaurs”.

To summarise, the taxonomic line of descent of birds from dinosaurs is:

Dinosauria – Saurischia – Theropoda – Coelurosauria – Tyrannoraptora – Maniraptoriformes – Maniraptora – Pennaraptora – Paraves – Eumaniraptora – Avialae – Euavialae – Avebrevicauda – Pygostylia – Ornithothoraces – Euornithes – Ornithuromorpha – Ornithurae – Aves

Excuse me for concluding from that that taxonomy has now gone totally and completely bonkers.

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Date: 1/07/2016 09:33:41
From: mollwollfumble
ID: 915836
Subject: re: 99 million year old wing with feathers trapped in amber

> Dinosauria – Saurischia – Theropoda – Coelurosauria – Tyrannoraptora – Maniraptoriformes – Maniraptora – Pennaraptora – Paraves – Eumaniraptora – Avialae – Euavialae – Avebrevicauda – Pygostylia – Ornithothoraces – Euornithes – Ornithuromorpha – Ornithurae – Aves

Let’s follow that through for the house sparrow. The full scientific name for the house sparrow is:

Eukaryota – Unikonta – Opisthokonta – Holozoa – Filozoa – Animalia – Eumetazoa – Bilateria – Nephrozoa – Deuterostomia – Chordata – Craniata – Vertebrata – Gnathostomata – Eugnathostomata – Teleostomi – Tetrapoda – Reptiliomorpha – Amniota – Sauropsida (formerly Reptilia) – Eureptilia – Romeriida – Diapsida – Neodiapsida – Sauria – Archosauromorpha – Archosauriformes (formerly Eucrocopoda) – Archosauria – Ornithosuchia – Avemetatarsalia (formerly Ornithodira) – Dinosauromorpha – Dinosauriformes – Dinosauria – Saurischia – Theropoda – Coelurosauria – Tyrannoraptora – Maniraptoriformes – Maniraptora – Pennaraptora – Paraves – Eumaniraptora – Avialae – Euavialae – Avebrevicauda – Pygostylia – Ornithothoraces – Euornithes – Ornithuromorpha – Ornithurae – Aves – Passerae – Passerimorphae – Passeriformes – Passeri – Passerida – Passeroidea – Passeridae – Passer – domesticus

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