It’s official: Your Periodic Table is now obsolete
Get ready to ring in 2017 with a brand new Periodic Table, because four more elements have officially been added to the seventh row: nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og).
More…
CrazyNeutrino said:
It’s official: Your Periodic Table is now obsoleteGet ready to ring in 2017 with a brand new Periodic Table, because four more elements have officially been added to the seventh row: nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og).
More…
Complete collection up to element 118, which finishes off the row.
IIRC, last time I looked element 117 was missing. Have we got “real” vs “official” discovery dates on these? In the past, the “official” naming has lagged many years behind the true discovery date.
CrazyNeutrino said:
It’s official: Your Periodic Table is now obsoleteGet ready to ring in 2017 with a brand new Periodic Table, because four more elements have officially been added to the seventh row: nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og).
More…
Complete collection up to element 118, which finishes off the row.
IIRC, last time I looked element 117 was missing. Have we got “real” vs “official” discovery dates on these? In the past, the “official” naming has lagged many years behind the true discovery date.
Just checked. Elements 113, 115 and 117 were missing entirely last time I looked. Elements 110 to 118 didn’t have proper names, nine in all. So is that nine new names rather than four?
mollwollfumble said:
CrazyNeutrino said:
It’s official: Your Periodic Table is now obsoleteGet ready to ring in 2017 with a brand new Periodic Table, because four more elements have officially been added to the seventh row: nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og).
More…
Complete collection up to element 118, which finishes off the row.
IIRC, last time I looked element 117 was missing. Have we got “real” vs “official” discovery dates on these? In the past, the “official” naming has lagged many years behind the true discovery date.
Just checked. Elements 113, 115 and 117 were missing entirely last time I looked. Elements 110 to 118 didn’t have proper names, nine in all. So is that nine new names rather than four?
Wikipedia is already up to date.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_nuclides_
It has all the new names, together with new isotopes. 6 isotopes for element 113, 4 isotopes for element 115, 2 isotopes for element 117.
When and where were these found.
CrazyNeutrino said:
It’s official: Your Periodic Table is now obsoleteGet ready to ring in 2017 with a brand new Periodic Table, because four more elements have officially been added to the seventh row: nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og).
More…
> When and where were these found?
118 Oganesson (symbol Og) was first synthesized in 2002. Two more atoms found in 2005, produced via collisions of californium-249 atoms and calcium-48 ions. Only one isotope known. Isotope 294 decays in 0.89 milliseconds. The -on ending is because it’s in the same group as neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon.
117 Tennessine (symbol Ts). Fifteen tennessine atoms have been observed: six when it was first synthesized in 2010, seven in 2012, and two in 2014. Both isotopes, 293 and 294, produced via collisions of berkelium-249 atoms and calcium-48 ions. The -ine ending is because it’s in the same group as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine. Half lives are approximately 22 and 51 milliseconds.
116 Livermorium (symbol Lv). Four isotopes are known, with mass numbers between 290 and 293. Livermorium-293 was first synthesized in 2000, from curium-248 atoms and calcium-48 ions. Between 2004 and 2006 the other three isotopes were found, the lighter two using curium-245 atoms. Half lives, from lightest to heaviest isotopes, are approximately 15, 6, 18 and 53 milliseconds.
115 Moscovium (symbol Mc). Four isotopes are known, with mass numbers between 287 and 290. Half lives, from lightest to heaviest isotopes, are 16, 220, 87 and 32 milliseconds. Isotopes 287 and 288 were first found in 2003, from bombarding americium-243 with calcium-48. The two heavier isotopes of moscovium, 289 Mc and 290 Mc, were discovered in 2009–2010 as daughters of the tennessine isotopes 293 Ts and 294 Ts.
I think I might just stick with the old one for now.
I’m not sure I really need these new-fangled elements.
Are there any uses, potential or actual for elements that last for milliseconds? Precursors maybe?
AwesomeO said:
Are there any uses, potential or actual for elements that last for milliseconds? Precursors maybe?
Maybe as a catalyst, get a reaction going before they decay.
I asked that on here once and got what I thought was a reasonable answer. However, I do not exactly recall what it was now…
furious said:
Here
How the hell did you find that so quick? I have tried to search for stuff before especially in chat with no joy.
Google Fu…
furious tokyo3 forum purpose heavy elements
AwesomeO said:
Are there any uses, potential or actual for elements that last for milliseconds? Precursors maybe?
Milliseconds is long. I mean, one of these isotopes has a half life of 220 milliseconds. That’s a full 0.22 seconds. That’s a timescale easily long enough to see with the naked eye.
Compare that with the half life of
881 seconds for the neutron.
2.2 microseconds for the muon.
1.8*10^-5 microseconds for the pion.
1.28*10^-5 microseconds for the kaon.
10^-7 microseconds for the Sigma minus.
10^-22 microseconds for the shortest lived subatomic particles.
Yes, precursors as well, some isotopes can only be produced by the decay of isotopes of heavier elements.
Another application is in understanding the “rapid” process of element formation inside supernovae.
A third application is in fine-tuning mathematical models of the postulated islands of stability.
mollwollfumble said:
AwesomeO said:
Are there any uses, potential or actual for elements that last for milliseconds? Precursors maybe?
Milliseconds is long. I mean, one of these isotopes has a half life of 220 milliseconds. That’s a full 0.22 seconds. That’s a timescale easily long enough to see with the naked eye.
Compare that with the half life of
881 seconds for the neutron.
2.2 microseconds for the muon.
1.8*10^-5 microseconds for the pion.
1.28*10^-5 microseconds for the kaon.
10^-7 microseconds for the Sigma minus.
10^-22 microseconds for the shortest lived subatomic particles.Yes, precursors as well, some isotopes can only be produced by the decay of isotopes of heavier elements.
Another application is in understanding the “rapid” process of element formation inside supernovae.
A third application is in fine-tuning mathematical models of the postulated islands of stability.
Oops, for microseconds read milliseconds.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_(large_cells)
CrazyNeutrino said:
Your Periodic Table is now obsolete
My Periodic Table only goes up to 103, so it’s been obsolete for quite a while.
I don’t have a periodic table
party_pants said:
I don’t have a periodic table
how do you know if it’s ‘that time of the month then?
Stumpy_seahorse said:
party_pants said:
I don’t have a periodic table
how do you know if it’s ‘that time of the month then?
that’s a bit below the belt
Stumpy_seahorse said:
how do you know if it’s ‘that time of the month then?
Test your pee with periodic acid.
party_pants said:
Stumpy_seahorse said:
party_pants said:
I don’t have a periodic table
how do you know if it’s ‘that time of the month then?
that’s a bit below the belt
only an inch or so…
Stumpy_seahorse said:
party_pants said:
Stumpy_seahorse said:how do you know if it’s ‘that time of the month then?
that’s a bit below the belt
only an inch or so…
mollwollfumble said:
AwesomeO said:
Are there any uses, potential or actual for elements that last for milliseconds? Precursors maybe?
Milliseconds is long. I mean, one of these isotopes has a half life of 220 milliseconds. That’s a full 0.22 seconds. That’s a timescale easily long enough to see with the naked eye.
You don’t have to go high in the periodic table to find isotopes with very much smaller half lives. Eg Fluorine 16 has a half life of 10^-20 seconds.
KJW said:
My Periodic Table only goes up to 103, so it’s been obsolete for quite a while.
Interestingly, element 103 corresponds to a filled electronic shell (5f), and element 118 also corresponds to a filled shell (7p, a noble gas configuration). Given that 103 was the heaviest element for quite a long time after a fairly short period of producing new elements, maybe 118 will be the heaviest element for quite a long time also, after a fairly short period of producing new elements.
KJW said:
KJW said:
My Periodic Table only goes up to 103, so it’s been obsolete for quite a while.
Interestingly, element 103 corresponds to a filled electronic shell (5f), and element 118 also corresponds to a filled shell (7p, a noble gas configuration). Given that 103 was the heaviest element for quite a long time after a fairly short period of producing new elements, maybe 118 will be the heaviest element for quite a long time also, after a fairly short period of producing new elements.
Lawrencium, element 103, was at the end of the periodic table for a remarkably large number of years.
KJW said:
KJW said:
My Periodic Table only goes up to 103, so it’s been obsolete for quite a while.
Interestingly, element 103 corresponds to a filled electronic shell (5f), and element 118 also corresponds to a filled shell (7p, a noble gas configuration). Given that 103 was the heaviest element for quite a long time after a fairly short period of producing new elements, maybe 118 will be the heaviest element for quite a long time also, after a fairly short period of producing new elements.
Perhaps.
There are nucleon shells as well. To get further you need either an ion heavier than calcium (which should be easy) or an element heavier than californium, which is not so easy because heavier elements have significantly shorter half lives. The heavier the ion, the greater the Coulomb’s repulsion, which makes the yield of the reaction less.
Four known isotopes of hydrogen all have half lives shorter than 10^-20 seconds. The newly named elements have half lives from about 0.001 to 0.2 seconds, which is really long by isotope standards.
Lawrencium was found in 1961. Rutherfordium was found in 1964 but not officially named until 1997, which explains why it was missing from periodic tables for so long.
“Ununennium and unbinilium (elements 119 and 120) are the lightest elements that have not yet been synthesized, and attempts to synthesize them would push the limits of current technology, due to the decreasing cross sections of the production reactions and their probably short half-lives, expected to be on the order of microseconds. Heavier elements would likely be too short-lived to be detected with current technology: they would decay within a microsecond, before reaching the detectors. Previously, important help (characterized as “silver bullets”) in the synthesis of superheavy elements came from the deformed nuclear shells around hassium-270 which increased the stability of surrounding nuclei, and the existence of the quasi-stable neutron-rich isotope calcium-48 which could be used as a projectile to produce more neutron-rich isotopes of superheavy elements. The more neutron-rich a superheavy nuclide is, the closer it is expected to be to the sought-after island of stability. Even so, the synthesized isotopes still have fewer neutrons than those expected to be in the island of stability. Furthermore, using calcium-48 to synthesize ununennium would require a target of einsteinium-253 or -254, which is very difficult to produce in sufficiently large quantities. More practical production of further superheavy elements would require projectiles heavier than 48Ca.”
Attempts to produce elements 119 and 120 were made in 1985 and the later in 2011-2012. Synthesis seems possible with current technology, but would push that technology to the limit.
Perhaps element 122 can be made by bombarding Th 232 with ions of Germanium 76.
Germanium 76 is the next isotope above Calcium 48 that is very neutron rich and occurs naturally. Ge 76 is 7% of natural germanium.
“Projects to build period 8 elements that have had synthesis attempts were elements 119, 120, 122, 124, 126, and 127. So far, none of these synthesis attempts were successful.”
Attempts were:
Element 119.
In 1985 using calcium 48
In 2011 using titanium 50
Element 120.
… etc.
Wikipedia is out of date for element 120. See
“http://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/238/038/Bormio2015_038.pdf”
“Theoretical predictions
for the location of the island of stability, linked to the next spherical shell closures beyond 208Pb,
still differ between proton numbers Z = 114, 120, 126 and neutron numbers N = 172, 184
depending on the nuclear model used. Moreover, nuclear models predict the shell
effects in superheavy nuclei (SHN) to be rather smeared out in comparison to lighter nuclei so
that extended regions of shells stabilization rather than distinct magic numbers are expected”
So we’re still looking for an island of stability in elements 120 and 126.
One problem is that reaction cross sections for producing elements heavier than 118 are a hundred times smaller than for elements smaller than 118.
From 2012.
Future of superheavy element research: Which nuclei could be synthesized within the next few years?
Due to the bending of the stability line toward the neutron axis, in fusion reactions of stable nuclei one may produce only proton rich isotopes of heavy elements. That is the main reason for the impossibility to reach the center of the “island of stability” in fusion reactions with stable projectiles. For elements with Z > 100 only neutron deficient isotopes (located to the left of the stability line) have been synthesized so far.
There are only three methods for the production of transuranium elements, namely, fusion of heavy nuclei, multi-nucleon transfer reactions and a sequence of neutron capture and β decay processes.
Calcium 48 is an asymmetric nucleus, and that increases the probability of success. But to go beyond element 118 this way requires milligram quantities of Einsteinium. That is possible, but it is far more difficult to extract large quantities of Einsteinium from nuclear reactor products than the Californium used to generate element 118.
Elements 119 and 120 are coming The fusion reactions of 50 Ti with 249 Bk and 249 Cf targets (as well as 54 Cr+248 Cm) are the most promising for the production of new elements 119 and 120. The first event could be detected within about 5 months of irradiation.
Filling the Gap of not-yet-synthesized isotopes of SH elements (Z=106-116).
It is well known that there are no combinations of available projectiles and targets, the fusion of which may lead to SH nuclei located at the island of stability. But the island of stability could be produced by beta decay of isotopes of elements 114 and 115.
mollwollfumble’s suggestions for making superheravy elements. Fire the ion at the target with enough energy to overcome Coulomb repulsion.
With the exception of the three isotopes marked *, all the isotopes are naturally occurring. I’ve limited the table to even-even nuclides because they’re more stable. I’ve left Californium off the list because it’s expensive and difficult to obtain. Product masses listed are maximum values, expect the real mass to be about three neutrons less than this because the nucleus cools rapidly by expelling neutrons. ‘p’ = number of protons.
// My Periodic Table only goes up to 103, so it’s been obsolete for quite a while.
Them’s the ones I seen back in the day,