We’re One Step Closer to Knowing Why There’s More Matter Than Antimatter in the Universe

The Standard Model of particle physics has been the predominant means of explaining what the basic building blocks of matter are and how they interact for decades. First proposed in the 1970s, the model claims that for every particle created, there is an anti-particle. As such, an enduring mystery posed by this model is why the Universe can exist if it is theoretically made up of equal parts of matter and antimatter.

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interesting article.

read that, now reading this..(don’t confuse me with someone that understands it)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP_violation

“The universe is made chiefly of matter, rather than consisting of equal parts of matter and antimatter as might be expected. It can be demonstrated that, to create an imbalance in matter and antimatter from an initial condition of balance, the Sakharov conditions must be satisfied, one of which is the existence of CP violation during the extreme conditions of the first seconds after the Big Bang. Explanations which do not involve CP violation are less plausible, since they rely on the assumption that the matter–antimatter imbalance was present at the beginning, or on other admittedly exotic assumptions.

The Big Bang should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter if CP-symmetry was preserved; as such, there should have been total cancellation of both—protons should have cancelled with antiprotons, electrons with positrons, neutrons with antineutrons, and so on. This would have resulted in a sea of radiation in the universe with no matter. Since this is not the case, after the Big Bang, physical laws must have acted differently for matter and antimatter, i.e. violating CP-symmetry…”

While I can’t speak about the current experiments, it is worth noting that the CP-violation associated with the neutral kaon doesn’t actually change the number of particles and antiparticles.

KJW said:

While I can’t speak about the current experiments, it is worth noting that the CP-violation associated with the neutral kaon doesn’t actually change the number of particles and antiparticles.

I hadn’t heard this. It’s a rather disquieting observation.

CP-violation is also well known from B-mesons. The new results suggest that CP-violation may possibly occur with neutrino oscillations.

It’s pellucidly clear that an antimatter-matter asymmetry cannot occur without CP-violation. But what KJW points out is that CP-violation doesn’t automatically allow matter-antimatter asymmetry. Can antimatter-matter asymmetry happen within the standard model at all?

Answer – No.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0303065.pdf

It was Sakharov (1967) who first proposed that antimatter-matter symmetry may have developed naturally. There are three fundamental conditions necessary for this to happen.
1. CP-violation.
2. Failure of Baryon number conservation (outside the standard model).
3. An arrow of time that is precise even when baryon number conservation fails.